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(Assize, officially set prices) It refers to the determination of prices for goods and services by public authorities. This practice has been implemented periodically to protect consumers from fluctuations in market prices. Ceiling prices are set for basic food and essential items to shield consumers, while floor prices are applied to prevent producers from suffering losses. During the Ottoman Empire, the practice of price regulation for essential food items became widespread and continued until 1861. Restrictions on maximum prices for bread and urban transportation fares were enforced throughout both the Ottoman and Republican periods. During World War II, price controls were established for some food items. If the price regulation system is not properly monitored, consumer goods can be sold on the black market at prices exceeding the regulated levels.