Gelir Yöntemiyle GSYH Nedir? Gelir Yöntemiyle GSYH Hakkında Kapsamlı Bilgi
(GDP income measure) Gayrisafi Yurtiçi Hasıla, the income approach reflects the salary, wage incomes, business profits, and various tax revenues obtained by producer units in the economy. It represents the total value paid for production factors by producer units involved in the production process of goods and services in each sector. Relevant TÜİK tables include labor payments, net taxes on production, consumption of fixed capital, and mixed income from net operating surplus. Depreciation and wear and tear of fixed capital are shown under the fixed capital consumption heading. Mixed income encompasses dividends, interest payments, and transfers made to capital owners.
Operating surplus is derived by subtracting payments made to employees and taxes on production from net value added and adding subsidies. This surplus represents the share of capital within value added. However, this figure, obtained through a “residual” approach, also includes the incomes of self-employed individuals. For instance, the income earned by a pharmacist who invests both capital and labor is reflected within the operating surplus.
Labor payments are defined as the total compensation paid in kind or cash by the enterprise to employees for their work over the accounting period. This includes cash or in-kind salaries and wages, as well as social security contributions paid by employers on behalf of employees. Fixed capital consumption can be defined as the decrease in the current value of fixed active stocks owned or used by a producer due to physical wear, normal obsolescence, or normal accident losses.
Taxes on production and imports are paid when goods and services are produced, delivered, sold, or transferred by producers. Taxes paid on imports are also considered within this scope. Subsidies are unconditional current payments made by state units, including those from non-resident entities, to entrepreneurs based on the value of goods or services they produce, sell, or import or based on the levels or quantities of their production activities. A decline in the total share of wages or salaries received by the labor force in GDP indicates a distortion in income distribution. Until 2006, TÜİK disclosed calculation results based on income to the public. These announcements included the distribution of national income as wages, interest income, rents, and profits. In subsequent years, TÜİK has released some of the information obtained through this calculation method under the “Income and Living Conditions Survey.” Following the announcement of a new GDP calculation method at the end of 2016, the income approach started to be clarified again.