Organize Sanayi Bölgesi (OSB) Hakkında Detaylı Bilgiler: Nedir ve Ne İşe Yarar?

(Organized Industrial Zone: OIZ) OSBs are large areas where companies engaged in compatible production come together to benefit from common infrastructure services with the aim of encouraging industrial investments and increasing industrial output. The first industrial zones appeared in the late 19th century in the U.S. from the private sector, and after World War I, they emerged in the UK. The first organized industrial zone (OSB) in Turkey was established in 1961 in Bursa with a loan from the World Bank. By the end of 2019, the number of OSBs across 80 cities reached 332. The total number of employees in these industrial zones rose to 1,884,016 during the same period.

The primary objectives of OSBs in Turkey are to ensure efficiency in production by enabling industrialists to operate together within a set program, to promote the spread of industry in developing regions, to prevent the use of agricultural lands for industrial purposes, and to combat environmental pollution through shared treatment facilities. OSB practices in Turkey continued without any legal framework until 1982, and the relevant law was enacted only in 2000. Following the publication of Law No. 4562 in the Official Gazette on April 15, 2000, the number of OSBs saw rapid growth, with new regulations developed to adapt to changing conditions. Currently, OSBs operate under five different statuses:

• Karma OSB includes facilities operating in various sectors.
• Regions with İhtisas OSB status gather facilities operating in the same sector and its sub-sectors. In İhtisas OSBs, professional associations related to the relevant field can join as founding partners alongside the primary founders.
• The founders of Private OSBs are either private individuals or legal entities.
• Agriculture-based İhtisas OSBs operate under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry.
• OSBs established prior to planning and preparation phases are converted into modern OSBs under the status of “Islah OSB.” Industrialists who have been allocated land in OSBs can obtain ownership of the land by paying off land sale debts and completing their industrial facilities to commence production; this ownership can also be inherited by their heirs. However, regardless of ownership, industrial activities are mandatory within the boundaries of the OSB.