Ekonominin Genel Dengesi Nedir? Detaylı Bilgiler ve Açıklamalar

(Economy’s Macro Balance) Total savings is the sum of public and private savings. The public sector can only save when there is a budget surplus. Private savings refer to the savings made by individuals and companies. Personal savings (accumulations) represent the portion of income that individuals or families do not spend on consumption. This accumulated money and capital can be invested in various market instruments. Company savings arise from retaining a part of the profits within the company. Undistributed profits can be utilized for the company’s future growth through new investments. The amount left after deducting consumption expenditures from disposable personal income is known as private savings. In certain years, the total consumption expenditures may exceed income. This indicates that families are borrowing and spending their savings from previous years. Theoretically, during periods of high inflation and negative interest rates, the public should save less. However, in reality, it is observed that households tend to save more during times of instability and uncertainty. Due to the predominance of a young population in Turkey, the savings rate remains at low levels.

Savings-Investment Equivalence: To observe the change in total savings in national accounts, this value is divided by Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Economic management calculates this ratio assuming it is equal to the ratio of investments to GDP. The theoretically expected equality between investment and savings rarely occurs in real life, as the factors affecting these two fundamental economic variables are not the same. If total savings are less than total investment, it indicates the use of external resources. The current account deficit shows how much of the investments are financed by foreign savings. If total savings exceed investments, inventories grow, companies limit production, and the growth of national income stagnates. If savings are less than investment, the industry produces more goods to meet increased demand. However, a low level of savings boosts current consumption but reduces future consumption. Economic management must find a balance between these two variables through “fine tuning.” The items used in calculating national income through expenditure also constitute total demand at the same time. More detailed information about savings and investments can be found in the indicators below.

• Domestic savings rates (public, private) can be examined in the “Economic General Balance” tables of the “Weekly Developments in the Turkish Economy” publication by the Strategy and Budget Presidency.
• The level of deposits in banks and their distribution by maturity can be found in BDDK and TBB statistics.
• The ratios of consumer loans and commercial loans within total loans can be calculated from BDDK statistics.
• The share of industry within commercial loans can be viewed in the Central Bank statistics.
• The share of machinery and equipment in private sector investments is provided in national income statistics.
• Information regarding the volume of the individual pension system and the number of participants can be seen on the website of the Pension Monitoring Center.